Taking the data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2017 as research subjects and using the dynamic panel model and the spatial Dubin model, the impact of FDI (foreign direct investment) on high-quality development and the moderating effects of environmental regulations are researched. The results show that: FDI promotes high-quality development and has a positive spatial effect. The regulatory effects of different environmental regulation tools are different. The regulatory effect of command-and-control environmental regulation is negative, where the local effect is positive and the spatial spillover effect is negative; the market-incentive environmental regulation strengthens the promotion effect of FDI on high-quality development, where the local effect is negative and the spatial spillover effect is positive; the public participation environmental regulation has produced a negative regulatory effect. Therefore, reasonable introduction of FDI, improvement of various environmental regulation policies and full play of their synergistic effect are of great significance for promoting high-quality development.