Abstract: From the angle of the basic fastors of dealings, the article analyses the basic factors and characteristics of market exchange so as to expound the fact that the relationship of exchange between power & money in social life does not belong to the market exchange. Furthermore, a new concept of “social exchange” is introduced and some seneral characteristics of social erchange in the conditions of both non market economy and market economy is centered on in order to find the reason for the spreading of the relationship of exchange between power & money in social life. At last, it is pointed out that the establishment of the mechanism of social exchange suitable for the market economy system is a necessary step to be taken for modernaization.

Key words: marketexchange, socialexchange