Abstract: As a macroscopical conditionality of the social structure, public policy directs, regulates and constraints at a micro-level individuals. As rational actors, they also reflect on existing public policies to improve or construct new public policies through communication with or collective protest against the government. Therefore, public policy and individual rational action are mutual structure in the macro-micro dualistic structure. The paper analyzes the inherent elements of public policy and individual rational action, and investigates the process of the mutual structure.

Key words: dualityofstructure, publicpolicy, rationalindividualaction