国外人工智能伦理知识结构、研究概览与跨学科研究启示

doi:10.19722/j.cnki.1008-7729.2020.0203

北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 74-86.doi: 10.19722/j.cnki.1008-7729.2020.0203

国外人工智能伦理知识结构、研究概览与跨学科研究启示

万岩（1966—），女，上海人，教授，博士生导师

北京邮电大学经济管理学院，北京100876

收稿日期:2020-07-24 出版日期:2020-10-30 发布日期:2020-11-06
作者简介:万岩（1966—），女，上海人，教授，博士生导师
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（71874018）；北京市社会科学基金资助项目（18GLB031）

Knowledge Structure, Research Overview and Interdisciplinary Research Enlightenment of AI Ethics Abroad

School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
Beijing 100876, China

Received:2020-07-24 Online:2020-10-30 Published:2020-11-06
Supported by:

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究国外人工智能伦理的研究现状，运用CiteSpace，以Web of Science核心数据库中人工智能伦理英文文献为研究对象，通过文献共被引网络聚类分析，梳理该领域知识结构（包含知识基础和研究前沿）；通过学科共现分析，得出人工智能伦理研究涉及的主要学科，同时将关键词整合到信息模型（information-model），从信息、技术、人、社会四个方面展现人工智能伦理多学科研究概览，并从跨学科的角度探讨不同学科领域的研究议题，以此启发相关领域开展研究与合作。

关键词: , 人工智能伦理, 知识结构, 研究概览, 信息模型, 跨学科

Abstract: In order to explore the research status of AI ethics abroad, by using CiteSpace, the English literature on AI ethics in the core database of Web of Science is studied. First, the knowledge structure including knowledge base and research frontier is introduced with the analysis of co-citation network cluster. Second, the major disciplines for the study of AI ethics is summarized with the analysis of disciplinary co-occurrence. Then, the key words are integrated into information-model which provides a comprehensive overview on AI ethics from four aspects: information, technology, human and society. Finally, research topics in different aspects and different disciplines are discussed, so as to inspire interdisciplinary research and cooperation in relative fields.

Key words: , AI ethics, knowledge structure, research overview, information model, interdisciplinary

中图分类号:

B82-057
G353

万岩, 杨悦钊, 李明慧. 国外人工智能伦理知识结构、研究概览与跨学科研究启示[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(5): 74-86.

WAN Yan, YANG Yue-zhao, LI Ming-hui. Knowledge Structure, Research Overview and Interdisciplinary Research Enlightenment of AI Ethics Abroad[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Sciences Edition), 2020, 22(5): 74-86.

参考文献［65］

［1］	MUEHLHAUSER L, HELM L. The singularity and machine ethics［C］//EDEN A, MOOR J, SORAKER J, et al.Singularity Hypotheses. Berlin: Springer, 2012: 101-126.
［2］	ANDERSON M, ANDERSON S L, BERENZ V. A value-driven eldercare robot: virtual and physical instantiations of a case-supported principle-based behavior paradigm［J］.Proceedings of the IEEE, 2018, 107(3): 526- 540.
［3］	ALLEN C, SMIT I, WALLACH W. Artificial morality: top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid approaches［J］.Ethics and Information Technology, 2005, 7(3): 149-155.
［4］	GUNKEL D. The machine question: critical perspectives on AI, robots, and ethics［M］. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2012: 2-15.
［5］	莫宏伟. 强人工智能与弱人工智能的伦理问题思考［J］.科学与社会, 2018, 8(1): 14-24.
［6］	VERUGGIO G. The birth of roboethics［DB/OL］. (2005-05-18)［2020-07-16］.http://www.roboethics.org/icra2005/veruggio.pdf.
［7］	ANDERSON M, ANDERSON S L, ARMEN C. Toward machine ethics: implementing two action-based ethical theories［R］. FS-05-06 1-7, Virginia: AAAI, 2005.
［8］	陈悦, 陈超美, 胡志刚, 等. 引文空间分析原理与应用［M］. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014: 43-65.
［9］	SHARKEY A, SHARKEY N. Granny and the robots: ethical issues in robot care for the elderly［J］.Ethics and Information Technology, 2012, 14(1): 27-40.
［10］	BOSTROM N. Superintelligence: paths, dangers, strategies［M］. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
［11］	BONNEFON J-F, SHARIFF A, RAHWAN I. The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles［J］.Science, 2016, 352(6293): 1573-1576.
［12］	WALLACH W, ALLEN C. Moral machines: teaching robots right from wrong［M］. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
［13］	ARKIN R. Governing lethal behavior in autonomous robots［M］. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2009.
［14］	LIN P, ABNEY K, BEKEY G. Robot ethics: the ethical and social implications of robotics［M］. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012.
［15］	ANDERSON M, ANDERSON S. Machine ethics［M］. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
［16］	WYNSBERGHE A. Designing robots for care: care centered value-sensitive design［J］.Science and Engineering Ethics, 2013, 19(2): 407-433.
［17］	O’NEIL C. Weapons of math destruction: how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy［M］. New York: Crown Publishers, 2016.
［18］	GOGOLL J, UHL M. Rage against the machine: automation in the moral domain［J］.Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2018, 74: 97-103.
［19］	BIGMAN Y, GRAY K. People are averse to machines making moral decisions［J］.Cognition, 2018, 181: 21-34.
［20］	SHANK D, DESANTI A. Attributions of morality and mind to artificial intelligence after real-world moral violations［J］.Computers in Human Behavior, 2018, 86: 401-411.
［21］	AWAD E, DSOUZA S, KIM R, et al. The moral machine experiment［J］.Nature, 2018, 563(7729):59-64.
［22］	REDDEN J. Democratic governance in an age of datafication: lessons from mapping government discourses and practices［J］.Big Data & Society, 2018, 5(2): 1-13.
［23］	MARDA V. Artificial intelligence policy in India: a framework for engaging the limits of data-driven decision-making［DB/OL］. (2018-10-15) ［2020-07-16］.https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0087.
［24］	RAHWAN I. Society-in-the-loop: programming the algorithmic social contract［J］.Ethics and Information Technology, 2018, 20(1): 5-14.
［25］	WINFIELD A, JIROTKA M. Ethical governance is essential to building trust in robotics and artificial intelligence systems［DB/OL］. (2018-10-15) ［2020-07-16］.https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0085.
［26］	WILLIAMS A, LIU Y, REGNER K, et al. Artificial intelligence, physiological genomics, and precision medicine［J］.Physiological Genomics, 2018, 50(4): 237-243.
［27］	PARK S, KIM Y-H, LEE J, et al. Ethical challenges regarding artificial intelligence in medicine from the perspective of scientific editing and peer review［J］.Science Editing, 2019, 6(2): 91-98.
［28］	PESAPANE F, VOLONTé C, CODARI M, et al. Artificial intelligence as a medical device in radiology: ethical and regulatory issues in Europe and the United States［J］.Insights into Imaging, 2018, 9(5): 745-753.
［29］	PECA A. Robot enhanced therapy for children with autism disorders: measuring ethical acceptability［J］.IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 2016, 35(2): 54-66.
［30］	COECKELBERGH M, POP C, SIMUT R, et al. A survey of expectations about the role of robots in robot-assisted therapy for children with ASD: ethical acceptability, trust, sociability, appearance, and attachment［J］.Science and Engineering Ethics, 2016, 22(1): 47-65.
［31］	TONKENS R. Out of character: on the creation of virtuous machines［J］.Ethics and Information Technology, 2012, 14(2): 137-149.
［32］	COECKELBERGH M. Robot rights? towards a social-relational justification of moral consideration［J］.Ethics and Information Technology, 2010, 12(3): 209-221.
［33］	JENKINS S, DRAPER H. Monitoring, and companionship: views on care robots from older people and their carers［J］.International Journal of Social Robotics, 2015, 7(5): 673-683.
［34］	IENCA M, WANGMO T, JOTTERAND F, et al. Ethical design of intelligent assistive technologies for dementia: a descriptive review［J］.Science and Engineering Ethics, 2018, 24(4): 1035-1055.
［35］	TORRESEN J. A review of future and ethical perspectives of robotics and AI［DB/OL］. (2018-01-15) ［2020-07-16］. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2017.00075.
［36］	VANDERELST D, WINFIELD A. An architecture for ethical robots inspired by the simulation theory of cognition［J］.Cognitive Systems Research, 2018, 48: 56-66.
［37］	ZHANG P, BENJAMIN R. Understanding information related fields: a conceptual framework［J］.Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, 2007, 58(13): 1934-1947.
［38］	LI X, ZHANG T. An exploration on artificial intelligence application: from security, privacy and ethic perspective［C］//2017 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data Analysis (ICCCBDA). Chengdu：IEEE, 2017: 416-420.
［39］	CONTISSA G, DOCTER K, LAGIOIA F, et al. Claudette meets GDPR: automating the evaluation of privacy policies using artificial intelligence［DB/OL］. (2018-06-25) ［2020-07-16］.http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3208596.
［40］	ARRIETA A, DíAZ-RODRíGUEZ N, SER J, et al. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI):concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI［J］.Information Fusion, 2020, 58: 82-115.
［41］	SELBST A, BAROCAS S. The intuitive appeal of explainable machines［J］.Fordham Law Review, 2018, 87(3): 1085-1140.
［42］	SOTALA K, YAMPOLSKIY R. Responses to catastrophic AGI risk: a survey［DB/OL］. (2014-12-19) ［2020-07-16］.https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-8949/90/1/018001/meta.
［43］	VEALE M, BINNS R, EDWARDS L. Algorithms that remember: model inversion attacks and data protection law［DB/OL］. (2018-10-15) ［2020-07-16］. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0083.
［44］	GOODMAN B, FLAXMAN S. European Union regulations on algorithmic decision-making and a ″right to explanation″［J］.AI Magazine, 2016, 38(3): 50-57.
［45］	ULLMAN D, MALLE B. Measuring gains and losses in human-robot trust: evidence for differentiable components of trust［DB/OL］. (2019-03-25) ［2020-07-16］.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8673154.
［46］	KEMENADE M, HOORN J, KONIJN E. Do you care for robots that care? Exploring the opinions of vocational care students on the use of healthcare robots［J］.Robotics, 2019, 8(1): 1-22.
［47］	SOMMER K, NIELSEN M, DRAHEIM M, et al. Children’s perceptions of the moral worth of live agents, robots, and inanimate objects［DB/OL］. (2019-06-30) ［2020-07-16］.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.06.009.
［48］	KAHN P, ISHIGURO T, FREIER H, et al. ″Robovie, you′ll have to go into the closet now″: Children's social and moral relationships with a humanoid robot［J］.Developmental Psychology, 2012, 48(2): 303-314.
［49］	DANAHER J. Robot betrayal: a guide to the ethics of robotic deception［J］.Ethics and Information Technology, 2020, 22: 117-128.
［50］	SCHEUTZ M, ARNOLD T. Are we ready for sex robots?［DB/OL］. (2016-03-07) ［2020-07-16］.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7451772.
［51］	GRAAF M. An ethical evaluation of human-robot relationships［J］.International Journal of Social Robotics, 2016, 8(4): 589-598.
［52］	JOHNSON D, VERDICCHIO M. Why robots should not be treated like animals［J］.Ethics and Information Technology, 2018, 20(4): 291-301.
［53］	CIECHANOWSKI L, PRZEGALINSKA A, MAGNUSKI M, et al. In the shades of the uncanny valley: an experimental study of human-chatbot interaction［J］.Future Generation Computer Systems, 2019, 92: 539-548.
［54］	ABUBSHAIT A, WIESE E. You look human, but act like a machine: agent appearance and behavior modulate different aspects of human-robot interaction［DB/OL］. (2017-08-23) ［2020-07-16］.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01393.
［55］	GRAAF M. An ethical evaluation of human-robot relationships［J］.International Journal of Social Robotics, 2016, 8(4): 589-598.
［56］	COECKELBERGH M. Why care about robots? empathy, moral standing, and the language of suffering［J］.Kairos Journal of Philosophy & Science, 2018, 20(1): 141-158.
［57］	MALLE B F. Integrating robot ethics and machine morality: the study and design of moral competence in robots［J］.Ethics and Information Technology, 2016, 18(4): 243-256.
［58］	DECKER M, DILLMANN R, DREIER T, et al. Service robotics: do you know your new companion? Framing an interdisciplinary technology assessment［J］.Poiesis and Praxis, 2011, 8(1): 25-44.
［59］	SAUD S. Ethical issues and related considerations involved with artificial intelligence andautonomous systems［J］.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2018, 9(4): 35-40.
［60］	赫拉利. 未来简史［M］. 北京: 中信出版社, 2017: 313-319.
［61］	PEREIRA L, SAPTAWIJAYA A. Modelling morality with prospective logic［J］.International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems, 2009, 1(3-4): 209-221.
［62］	UMBRELLO S. The moral psychology of value sensitive design: the methodological issues of moral intuitions for responsible innovation［J］.Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2018, 5(2): 186-200.
［63］	SULLINS J. RoboWarfare: can robots be more ethical than humans on the battlefield?［J］.Ethics and Information Technology, 2010, 12(3): 263-275.
［64］	KATYAL S. Private accountability in the age of artificial intelligence［DB/OL］. (2019-01-15) ［2020-07-16］. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3309397.
［65］	BURTON E, GOLDSMITH J. Ethical considerations in artificial intelligence courses［J］.AI Magazine, 2017, 38(2): 22-34.

[1]	黄淼. 电商短视频的媒介可供性分析——基于快手美妆主播的文本挖掘[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(5): 1-9.
[2]	梁爽. “场景+”模式下面向用户的媒介技术互动与传播规则重建[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(5): 10-16.
[3]	程希. 产品服务系统与服务设计研究综述[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(5): 61-73.
[4]	陈冬林, 郭娟, 郭萌 . 农村振兴中资助信号博弈研究[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(5): 99-106.
[5]	田祖海, 吴雅静. 自由贸易协定对中国制造业出口的影响研究：基于“一带一路”沿线国家数[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(4): 17-26.
[6]	刘树林, 张晟嘉. 营商环境评价体系的构建与研究——基于熵权TOPSIS法[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(4): 27-36.
[7]	齐佳音, 胡帅波, 张亚, . 人工智能聊天机器人在数字营销中的应用：文献综述[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(4): 59-70.
[8]	曹冰, 金永生, 李朝辉, 卜庆娟. 国外价值共创研究的知识结构与趋势可视化分析[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(4): 71-79.
[9]	胡桃, 郑君臣. 高校电子商务专业核心课程教学评价体系探究[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 22(4): 103-111.
[10]	黄逸珺，靳晓晶，李琳. 欠发达地区义务教育应用MOOC的学习意愿影响因素研究[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社科版), 2020, 22(1): 87-97.
[11]	熊莺,徐静,李颖臻. null[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社科版), 2019, 21(6): 1-10.
[12]	魏龙，杨晖. 服务外包对中国制造业出口复杂度影响的研究[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社科版), 2019, 21(6): 46-57.
[13]	彭若弘，苏玉苗. 创新补贴、税收优惠与高新技术产业研发产出[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社科版), 2019, 21(6): 77-89.
[14]	张爱华，陈超雨. 基于文本分析的中国5G产业发展研究——市场主体视角[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社科版), 2019, 21(6): 90-102.
[15]	徐俊杰，吴敏. 快递自取点服务质量量表的开发与验证[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社科版), 2019, 21(6): 103-111.

国外人工智能伦理知识结构、研究概览与跨学科研究启示

Knowledge Structure, Research Overview and Interdisciplinary Research Enlightenment of AI Ethics Abroad

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献［65］

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

国外人工智能伦理知识结构、研究概览与跨学科研究启示

Knowledge Structure, Research Overview and Interdisciplinary Research Enlightenment of AI Ethics Abroad

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 ［65］

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

参考文献［65］